Print production
- Trim size
- The finished physical size of the book after the printed sheets are cut, stated width by height — 6 × 9 inches is the most common trade paperback trim. Every print cover dimension starts from the trim size. Book cover dimensions guide
- Bleed
- Extra printed image extending beyond the trim line so cutting variance never exposes unprinted paper. KDP and IngramSpark paperback covers use 0.125 inches of bleed on each outside edge. What is bleed in printing?
- Safe area
- The margin inside the trim line where text, faces, and barcodes must stay. The same cutting tolerance that consumes bleed can creep inward, so content near the edge risks being clipped.
- Full wrap
- The complete one-piece print cover sheet: back panel, spine, and front panel plus bleed, produced as a single PDF. Paperback wrap width is two trim widths plus the calculated spine plus 0.25 inches of total bleed. How calculated wraps work
- Spine width
- The thickness of the book's bound edge, calculated as page count multiplied by the paper's per-page thickness. A 300-page KDP paperback on white paper has a 0.676-inch spine. Book spine width calculator
- Per-page thickness
- The paper-specific multiplier that converts page count into spine width. KDP publishes 0.002252 inches for white and standard-color paper, 0.0025 for cream, and 0.002347 for premium color.
- Final page count
- The page total of the formatted interior file, which fixes the spine width. A cover cannot be finalized from a manuscript estimate — reformatting that shifts pagination changes the wrap.
- Barcode zone
- The reserved area on the back cover — roughly 2 × 1.2 inches in the lower right on KDP templates — where the ISBN barcode prints. Essential content must stay out of it. What goes on the back cover?
- Crop marks
- Thin corner lines on professional print proofs showing where the sheet will be cut. Print-on-demand cover PDFs for KDP must be submitted without crop marks or extra white space.
- Perfect binding
- The paperback construction where interior pages are glued into a one-piece wrapped cover at the spine — how KDP and IngramSpark paperbacks are made, and why spine width is calculated rather than chosen. Perfect binding guide
- Case laminate
- A hardcover whose artwork is printed directly onto the rigid board case and sealed under laminate, with no dust jacket. It is the hardcover format Amazon KDP prints. What is a case-laminate hardcover?
- Dust jacket
- The removable printed paper wrapper around a traditional hardback, with folded flaps that carry the blurb and author bio. KDP does not print dust jackets; jacketed editions need a printer such as IngramSpark.
- Hinge
- The flexible groove between a hardcover's spine and each board — about 10 millimeters wide — that lets the case open. Titles and faces placed across a hinge crease on every copy.
- Board
- The rigid panel inside each hardcover side. The printed case-laminate sheet wraps around the boards, extending roughly 15 millimeters beyond them on every side before folding inside.
- Paper stock
- The interior paper choice — white, cream, or color-optimized stock — which sets the per-page thickness and therefore the spine. Cream paper is thicker than white, so the same book gets a wider spine on cream.
- Preflight
- The technical inspection of a print file before submission: sheet dimensions, bleed, spine, safe areas, barcode clearance, resolution, and fonts. Preflighting before upload catches the errors that otherwise arrive as retailer rejections. Fix a rejected cover file
- 300 DPI
- The print resolution standard for covers: 300 dots per inch at the sheet's physical size. A 13.007 × 9.250 inch wrap therefore exports at 3,902 × 2,775 pixels. DPI is irrelevant for screen-only covers.
- CMYK
- The four-ink color model used by printing presses. IngramSpark asks for CMYK cover files; KDP accepts RGB and converts during printing. On-screen colors shift slightly in either conversion, so proof prints matter.
- RGB
- The screen color model. Ebook covers, ACX audiobook covers, and KDP-uploaded files use RGB. Saturated on-screen colors — especially bright blues and greens — print duller after conversion to ink.
- Embedded fonts
- Font data stored inside the PDF so the printer renders type exactly as designed. Print-ready cover PDFs must embed their fonts; a missing font substitutes silently and reflows the design.
Formats and platforms
- Ebook cover
- The retail display image for a digital edition — a pixel file, not a print sheet. Amazon's ideal Kindle cover is 2,560 × 1,600 pixels at a 1.6:1 ratio, in RGB. Ebook cover size guide
- 1.6:1 ratio
- The height-to-width proportion Amazon recommends for Kindle covers — 1.6 units tall for every 1 wide, matching the 2,560 × 1,600 pixel ideal. Wattpad's 512 × 800 format is close to the same proportion.
- KDP (Kindle Direct Publishing)
- Amazon's self-publishing platform for ebooks, paperbacks, and case-laminate hardcovers. KDP generates title-specific cover templates and publishes the spine and bleed formulas its reviewers enforce.
- KDP Cover Creator
- KDP's free built-in cover tool. It uploads directly and is genuinely free, but layout control is limited and the output cannot follow the book to other printers or formats. Common Cover Creator problems
- IngramSpark
- A print-on-demand and distribution service reaching bookstores and libraries. Its covers must be built from the title-specific template it generates, which supplies the exact spine width — never estimated from a KDP formula. IngramSpark cover planning hub
- ACX square
- The audiobook cover format for Audible and iTunes via ACX: a true square of at least 2,400 × 2,400 pixels, RGB, as JPG, PNG, or TIF up to 8 MB, with the title and author clearly visible. Audiobook cover maker
- Wattpad cover
- The 512 × 800 pixel portrait cover used on Wattpad, discovered almost entirely as a small phone tile — which makes bold type and one focal image mandatory. Wattpad cover size guide
- ASIN
- Amazon Standard Identification Number — the free identifier Amazon assigns every Kindle book automatically. It is why a Kindle-only ebook needs no ISBN.
- ISBN
- The 13-digit identifier for a specific edition and format of a book. Print editions on KDP require one — free from KDP or purchased from your national agency — and each format needs its own. Does an ebook need an ISBN?
- EAN-13 barcode
- The scannable barcode rendering of an ISBN-13 printed in the back cover's barcode zone. KDP adds one automatically if the cover file lacks it. ISBN barcode generator
- Print on demand (POD)
- Manufacturing where each copy is printed after it is ordered, with no inventory. KDP, IngramSpark, Lulu, and Barnes & Noble Press are POD services — and their per-copy economics are why file specifications are enforced strictly.
Design and typography
- Hierarchy
- The deliberate reading order of a cover's text — usually title first, then author, then subtitle or series line — built from scale, weight, contrast, and spacing rather than decoration.
- Display typeface
- A typeface designed for large, expressive use — the title's voice. Display faces carry genre signal but often fail at small sizes, which is why they pair with a supporting face. Font pairing guides
- Supporting typeface
- The quieter companion face used for the author name, subtitle, and back-cover copy. It supplies the legibility the display face trades away.
- Tracking
- The uniform letter-spacing across a word or line. Generous tracking can make small capitals feel considered; negative tracking at thumbnail size makes titles collapse into blobs.
- Lockup
- A fixed arrangement of title, subtitle, and author name treated as one repeatable unit — the backbone of a series look, where the lockup holds still while artwork changes per book. Series cover systems
- Focal point
- The single element a viewer's eye lands on first. Strong covers commit to one focal point; montages that split attention lose the thumbnail test.
- Genre signal
- The visual cues — palette, imagery, type style — that tell a reader what kind of book this is in about a second. Matching the category's live signals without copying any specific cover is the core marketing job of a cover. Genre cues as reader promise
- Thumbnail test
- Judging a cover at retail-grid size — smaller than a business card — where most buying decisions start. Title contrast, silhouette, and focal separation decide whether a design survives reduction. Free thumbnail check
- Mockup
- A promotional render placing the flat cover into a realistic scene — standing hardcover, paperback stack, e-reader — so readers picture the finished book. A mockup is marketing art, never the production file. Free book mockup generator
- Art direction
- The set of visual decisions — palette, imagery territory, composition logic, type voice — made before any specific artwork, so every asset expresses the same promise.
Commissioning and rights
- Premade cover
- A finished cover design sold as-is, customized only with your title and author name, typically retired from sale afterward. Faster and cheaper than custom; the trade-off is exclusivity and fit. Premade covers guide
- Custom cover
- A cover commissioned from a designer to a brief, with concepts and revision rounds — typically a two-to-six-week arc. The route for bespoke illustration, likenesses, and original lettering. What cover design costs
- AI-generated vs AI-assisted
- KDP's disclosure categories: AI-generated content was created by an AI tool, and must be disclosed during publishing; AI-assisted means a human created the content and AI only helped edit or refine it. The publisher decides which applies and remains responsible. The full AI cover rules guide
- Design brief
- The shared document defining the book's reader, category, promise, tone, required formats, constraints, and evaluation criteria before design begins. A precise brief saves whole revision rounds. Design brief generator
- Blurb
- The short persuasive description on the back cover or retail page that raises the book's central question without answering it. In trade publishing the word can also mean an endorsement quote. What is a book blurb?
- Tagline (hook)
- An optional single line on the front cover that sharpens the premise — subordinate to the title, readable only at larger sizes, and worth including only when it adds concrete tension.
- Synopsis
- A complete plot summary, ending included, written for agents and editors — never for the back cover. Blurbs sell the question; the synopsis answers it.
- Commercial-use license
- The documented right to use artwork and fonts on a book sold commercially. Every cover asset — generated, stock, commissioned, or personal — needs a license or permission you can produce if asked.
- Provenance record
- The documentation of where cover artwork came from — who made it, with what tool or source, under what rights. Retailer disclosures, award rules, and contract clauses all become easier with provenance recorded at creation time. Keeping an artwork rights record
Platform figures come from Amazon KDP cover preparation · IngramSpark File Creation Guide · ACX cover art requirements. Reviewed ; recheck the current template before production.